External Citation Audit

Research Question

Which non-ingested papers are cited inline in entity, concept, and method pages — and are those citations accurate?

Background

Wiki Rule 6: “Everything in entity/concept/method pages should trace back to a source page.” A deep lint on 2026-05-08 found ~80 inline references to ~54 unique external papers across ~25 wiki pages. These references were introduced during ingests when claims from ingested sources included secondary citations. This audit page catalogs every instance so the curator can verify accuracy and decide which papers to ingest.

Status: Pending curator review. Once verified, external citations in wiki pages should be rewritten to attribute claims solely to ingested source pages.


External Papers Cited

Each entry lists: citation as it appears, DOI (where found), the ingested source that cited it, and all wiki pages where it appears.


1. William et al. 2002, Science

Topic: SHM can occur outside germinal centres (murine EF) DOI: 10.1126/science.1073924 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE, Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


2. Wirths & Lanzavecchia 2005, Eur J Immunol

Topic: CD27⁻ PBL memory population identified by R123 extrusion DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535364 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


3. Anolik et al. 2003, Eur J Immunol

Topic: CD20 downregulation upon B cell activation via lipid rafts DOI: 10.1002/eji.200323515 Cited via: not formally via any ingested source (separate Anolik paper from the ingested 2004) Wiki locations:

  • CD20 — line 21 (bare: “cited but not yet ingested”)

4. Qi et al. 2006, Science

Topic: Antigen-bearing DCs activate B cells in extrafollicular zones DOI: 10.1126/science.1125703 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


5. Litinskiy et al. 2002, Nat Immunol

Topic: DCs induce IgG/IgA class switching via BLyS/APRIL without CD40 DOI: 10.1038/ni829 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


6. Cappione et al. 2005, JCI

Topic: Defective GC exclusion of autoreactive B cells in SLE DOI: 10.1172/JCI24179 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


7. Klein et al. 1998, J Exp Med

Topic: CD27 as marker of human memory B cells DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.9.1679 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


8. Weller et al. 2001

Topic: IgM/IgD CD27⁺ B cells develop via GC-independent, CD40-independent pathways DOI: 10.1073/pnas.021600598 (verify) Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


9. Maclennan 1994, Annu Rev Immunol

Topic: Germinal centres (foundational review) DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.12.1.117 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


10. Grewal & Flavell 1998

Topic: CD40–CD154 signalling DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.111 (verify) Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


11. Toellner et al. 2002, J Exp Med

Topic: T cell-independent GCs produce low-level SHM DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011112 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


12. Kobata et al. 1995

Topic: CD27–CD70 interactions regulate B cell activation DOI: not retrieved — search: Kobata CD27 CD70 B cell 1995 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


13. Jacquot et al. 1997

Topic: CD27 and plasma cell differentiation DOI: not retrieved — search: Jacquot CD27 plasma cell 1997 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


14. Ehrhardt et al. 2005, J Exp Med

Topic: FcRH4 marks tissue-based memory B cells DOI: 10.1084/jem.20050879 Cited via: Wei2007 - DN Memory B Cells in SLE Wiki locations:


15. Masilamani et al. 2003, Eur J Immunol

Topic: CD21 (CR2) shedding upon B cell activation DOI: 10.1002/eji.200323843 Cited via: Tipton2015 - ASC Diversity and Origin in SLE Wiki locations:


16. Wehr et al. 2004

Topic: CD21^lo activated B cell population in SLE DOI: not confirmed — search: Wehr CD21 low B cells primary immunodeficiency 2004 Cited via: Tipton2015 - ASC Diversity and Origin in SLE Wiki locations:


17. Hanten et al. 2008

Topic: CD23 downregulation by IFN-α DOI: not retrieved — search: Hanten CD23 IFN-alpha 2008 Cited via: Tipton2015 - ASC Diversity and Origin in SLE Wiki locations:


18. Delespesse et al. 1989

Topic: CD23 regulation DOI: not retrieved — search: Delespesse CD23 IgE receptor 1989 Cited via: Tipton2015 - ASC Diversity and Origin in SLE Wiki locations:


19. Dogan et al. 2009, J Exp Med

Topic: IgM memory as GC-independent first memory layer DOI: 10.1084/jem.20091087 Cited via: Tipton2015 - ASC Diversity and Origin in SLE Wiki locations:


20. Dominguez et al. 2015, Nat Immunol

Topic: T-bet and ZEB2 cooperate for terminal effector CD8⁺ T cell differentiation DOI: 10.1038/ni.3248 Cited via: Jenks2018 - DN2 B Cells and EF Pathway in SLE Wiki locations:


21. Rubtsova et al. 2015, J Immunol

Topic: Murine T-bet⁺ age-associated B cells DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501209 Cited via: Jenks2018 - DN2 B Cells and EF Pathway in SLE Wiki locations:


22. Rubtsova et al. 2017, JCI

Topic: T-bet⁺ B cells localise to T-B border and drive autoimmunity DOI: 10.1172/JCI91250 Cited via: Jenks2018 - DN2 B Cells and EF Pathway in SLE Wiki locations:


23. Russell et al. 2015

Topic: ETS1 deficiency leads to extrafollicular autoreactive B cells DOI: not confirmed — search: Russell ETS1 extrafollicular autoreactive B cells 2015 Cited via: Jenks2018 - DN2 B Cells and EF Pathway in SLE Wiki locations:


24. Scharer et al. 2016, Sci Rep

Topic: ATAC-seq protocol for B cells DOI: 10.1038/srep27030 Cited via: Jenks2018 - DN2 B Cells and EF Pathway in SLE Wiki locations:


25. Kang et al. 2024

Topic: CD27 downregulation by CD70, TLR, cytokines DOI: not retrieved — search: Kang CD27 downregulation B cell 2024 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


26. Yang et al. 2022

Topic: T-bet not absolutely required for ABC/CD11c⁺ B cells DOI: not retrieved — search: Yang T-bet dispensable ABC B cell 2022 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


27. Du et al. 2019

Topic: CD11c inducible without IFN-γ or T-bet DOI: not retrieved — search: Du CD11c B cell T-bet independent 2019 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


28. Nellore et al. 2023

Topic: T-bet⁺/FcRL5⁺ memory partition; influenza vaccination DOI: not confirmed — search: Nellore T-bet FcRL5 memory influenza 2023 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


29. Portugal et al. 2015, eLife

Topic: FCRL5⁺ atypical memory B cells in malaria DOI: 10.7554/eLife.07218 Cited via: Jenks2018 - DN2 B Cells and EF Pathway in SLE Wiki locations:


30. Brown et al. 2022, Nature

Topic: TLR7 gain-of-function mutation causes human SLE DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04642-z Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


31. Zumaquero et al. 2019

Topic: TLR7 obligatory role in naive B cell → DN2 differentiation DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11290-x (verify — Nat Commun) Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


32. Zhu et al. 2024

Topic: CD21lo cells have increased TLR7 sensitivity DOI: not retrieved — search: Zhu CD21 low TLR7 sensitivity B cell 2024 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


33. Dai et al. 2024, Nature

Topic: ZEB2 drives B cell autoimmunity; ZEB2 represses Mef2b DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07613-w (verify) Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


34. Gao et al. 2024

Topic: ABC sustain GC responses; Mef2b repression DOI: not retrieved — search: Gao ABC B cell germinal center 2024 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


35. Zhang et al. 2019

Topic: ABC as APCs; abnormal TFH regulation DOI: not retrieved — search: Zhang ABC APC TFH B cell 2019 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


36. Jenks et al. 2021

Topic: B cell endotypes in SLE (EF vs. GC/memory clusters) DOI: 10.1172/JCI150888 (verify) Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


37. Faliti et al. 2024

Topic: Durable DN2/DN3 cells >1 year post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination DOI: not confirmed — search: Faliti DN2 DN3 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination memory 2024 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


38. Ma et al. 2024

Topic: EF responses in cancer; worse clinical outcomes DOI: not retrieved — search: Ma extrafollicular B cell cancer immunotherapy 2024 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


39. Kaneko et al. 2020, Cell

Topic: Loss of Bcl-6⁺ Tfh and germinal centers in fatal COVID-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.025 Cited via: Woodruff2020 - EF B Cell Responses in COVID-19 Wiki locations:


40. Ho et al. 2008

Topic: IFN-γ synergizes with TLR to enhance ATF3 DOI: not retrieved — search: Ho IFN-gamma TLR ATF3 2008 Cited via: Scharer2019 - Epigenetic Programming in SLE B Cells Wiki locations:


41. Gomez-Martin et al. 2010

Topic: EGR and autoimmunity; SLE susceptibility DOI: not retrieved — search: Gomez-Martin EGR autoimmunity SLE 2010 Cited via: Scharer2019 - Epigenetic Programming in SLE B Cells Wiki locations:

  • EGR — line 24

42. Oh et al. 2015

Topic: EGR in B cell biology DOI: not retrieved — search: Oh EGR B cell 2015 Cited via: Scharer2019 - Epigenetic Programming in SLE B Cells Wiki locations:

  • EGR — line 24

43. Gururajan et al. 2008

Topic: EGR and plasma cell differentiation DOI: not retrieved — search: Gururajan EGR plasma cell 2008 Cited via: Scharer2019 - Epigenetic Programming in SLE B Cells Wiki locations:

  • EGR — line 24

44. Myouzen et al. 2010

Topic: EGR2 polymorphisms in SLE susceptibility DOI: not retrieved — search: Myouzen EGR2 SLE polymorphism 2010 Cited via: Scharer2019 - Epigenetic Programming in SLE B Cells Wiki locations:

  • EGR — line 24

45. Wong et al. 2020, Immunity

Topic: Affinity-restricted memory B cells dominate flavivirus recall DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.09.001 Cited via: Singh2026 - DENV-Specific Memory B Cell Subsets Wiki locations:


46. Turner et al. 2021, Nature

Topic: Prolonged GC reactions post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (~8 months) DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03647-4 Cited via: Singh2026 - DENV-Specific Memory B Cell Subsets Wiki locations:


47. Arce et al. 2001, J Immunol

Topic: Pre-GC (Bm2’) cells expanded in children with SLE DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.4.2361 Cited via: Anolik2004 - Rituximab and B Cell Abnormalities in SLE Wiki locations:


48. Woodruff et al. 2020, 2022

Topic: Naïve-derived DN2 in COVID-19; self-limited EF autoreactivity DOI: 2020: 10.1038/s41590-020-00814-z (ingested as Woodruff2020); 2022: not confirmed — search: Woodruff self-limited autoreactivity SARS-CoV-2 B cells 2022 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


49. Allard-Chamard et al. 2023, Cell Rep

Topic: DN3 tissue infiltration in fibrosis and COVID-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112630 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


50. Szelinski et al. 2022

Topic: CD27⁻ CXCR5⁻ CD19⁻low pre-plasmablast population in SLE DOI: not retrieved — search: Szelinski DN3 pre-plasmablast SLE CD27 CXCR5 2022 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


51. Csomos et al. 2022

Topic: Partial RAG deficiency; T-bet⁺ B cells with autoreactivity DOI: not confirmed — search: Csomos RAG deficiency T-bet B cells autoreactivity 2022 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


52. Holla et al. 2019

Topic: Malaria AtB respond to membrane-associated antigens DOI: not confirmed — search: Holla malaria atypical B cell membrane antigen 2019 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


53. MacLennan et al. 2003

Topic: EF SHM and CSR evidence DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2003.00066.x (verify — Immunol Rev) Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


54. Wing et al. 2023

Topic: DN2 cells in rheumatoid synovium as main ASC precursor DOI: not retrieved — search: Wing DN2 rheumatoid synovium ASC precursor 2023 Cited via: Sanz2025 - Human Atypical B Cells Overview Wiki locations:


Summary

CategoryCount
Unique external papers54
Total inline citations across wiki pages~80
Wiki pages affected~25
DOIs confirmed26
DOIs needing verification7
DOIs not retrieved21

Top-priority verifications (bare external cites — Pattern A):

  1. William et al. 2002 — 10.1126/science.1073924 — in Double-Negative B Cell
  2. Wirths & Lanzavecchia 2005 — 10.1002/eji.200535364 — in Double-Negative B Cell
  3. Anolik et al. 2003 — 10.1002/eji.200323515 — in CD20

Open Questions

  1. Should verified external citations be rewritten to attribute solely to the ingested source, or should the external papers be ingested?
  2. Are any of these external papers high-priority for ingestion (e.g., William et al. 2002 for murine EF SHM)?

Sources Used

All 8 ingested source pages were scanned. External citations traced to their ingested source of origin.

Notable Findings, Curator Highlights